Article 285 of the Saudi Civil Transactions Law
المادة 285 من نظام المعاملات المدنية · الفرع الثاني: المقاصة
The article provides that if one of the conditions in Article 281 is not met, set-off does not take place except by agreement of the parties.
Official text (Arabic)
This article has not been amended since the law was issued.
إذا تخلف أحد الشروط الواردة في المادة (الحادية والثمانين بعد المائتين) من هذا النظام لم تقع المقاصة إلا باتفاق الطرفين.
This is the official Arabic wording, the only legally binding version. We do not translate the law itself; the explanation below is ours. Official source: Bureau of Experts at the Council of Ministers
Article 285 explained in plain English
This article deals with the case where one of the conditions for set-off set out in Article 281 of the Law is missing.
The rule: if one of the conditions in Article 281 is not met, set-off takes place only by agreement of the parties. That is, set-off invoked by one party on his own will requires all of those conditions to be met; if one condition is missing, it can no longer be effected except with both parties' consent.
In practice this means:
- Neither party can impose set-off on the other when one of the conditions is missing.
- The door remains open for the parties to carry out set-off by their agreement, so that one debt is deducted from the other by mutual consent.
This article relates to Article 284, which explains that set-off extinguishes the two debts to the extent of the smaller one from the time they become eligible for set-off, and to Article 286, which prevents set-off from taking place to the detriment of rights acquired by third parties.
To know whether the conditions of Article 281 are met in a particular case, refer to the text of that article. Anyone who wants set-off by agreement should document the agreement in writing and consult a lawyer specializing in civil cases when needed.
Practical example
A company in Riyadh is owed an amount by its supplier, and the supplier is owed another amount by it, but one of the conditions of Article 281 is not met for one of the debts. Neither can impose set-off on the other, but if they agree to it in writing, they may deduct one debt from the other.
Translated from our Arabic explanation with machine assistance. For guidance only; it does not replace advice from a lawyer on your situation.
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Frequently asked questions about Article 285 of the Saudi Civil Transactions Law
Is set-off allowed if not all its conditions are met?
If one of the conditions in Article 281 is missing, set-off takes place only by agreement of the parties.
Can one party impose set-off when one of its conditions is missing?
No. In that case the article requires the agreement of both parties.
Articles this article refers to
More articles on Performance of Debt and Set-Off
- Article 21
The article distinguishes fungible things, whose units are alike or close and can stand in for one another on performance, from non-fungible things, whose units differ in a way recognized by custom or whose like is rarely found.
1- الأشياء المثلية هي ما تتماثل آحادها أو تتقارب بحيث يمكن أن يقوم بعضها مقام بعض عند الوفاء بلا فرقٍ يُعتد به عرفًا. 2- الأشياء القيمية هي ما تتفاوت آحادها في
- Article 110
The article provides that a bilateral contract terminates automatically if performance becomes impossible for a reason beyond the debtor's control, and sets the rules for partial and temporary impossibility.
1- في العقود الملزمة للجانبين، إذا أصبح تنفيذ الالتزام مستحيلًا بسببٍ لا يد للمدين فيه، انقضى التزامه والالتزام المقابل له، وانفسخ العقد من تلقاء نفسه. 2- إذا ك
- Article 147
What a non-debtor paid cannot be recovered if, as a result, a good-faith creditor lost the debt instrument or its guarantees or abandoned his claim until its period expired, and the payer may have recourse against the original debtor.
لا محل لاسترداد غير المستحق إذا حصل الوفاء من غير المدين وترتب عليه أن الدائن وهو حسن النية قد تجرد من سند الدين أو مما حصل عليه من الضمانات أو ترك دعواه قِبَل
- Article 162
The article provides that an obligation that does not meet the conditions for compulsory enforcement remains owed on a moral basis (diyanah); if the debtor performs it voluntarily, the performance is valid and is neither a gift nor an undue payment.
إذا لم يستوف الالتزام الشروط النظامية لتنفيذه جبرًا يبقى قائمًا في ذمة المدين ديانةً، فإذا وفاه مختارًا كان وفاؤه صحيحًا ولا يُعدُّ تبرعًا ولا دفعًا لغير المستح
- Article 206
The article permits early performance by the person for whose benefit the term was set unless it harms the other party, treats the term as for the debtor's benefit in case of doubt, and returns the debt to deferred status if what was received early is claimed by another.
1- يجوز تعجيل الوفاء بالدين ممن كان الأجل لمصلحته ما لم يلحق التعجيل ضررًا بالطرف الآخر. 2- عند الشك في كون الأجل لمصلحة المدين أو الدائن فالأصل أن يُعدَّ لمصلح
- Article 207
The article provides that a deferred debt does not fall due on the creditor's death, and falls due on the debtor's death unless it is secured by security in kind, the heirs provide adequate security, or the creditor agrees it remains deferred.
لا يحل الدين المؤجل بموت الدائن، ويحل بموت المدين إلا إذا كان الدين موثَّقًا بضمانٍ عينيٍّ أو قدم الورثة ضمانًا كافيًا عينيًّا أو شخصيًّا أو وافق الدائن على بقا
The texts are reproduced from the official website of the Bureau of Experts at the Council of Ministers for reference; where they differ, the officially published Arabic text prevails. This content is not legal advice.

